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What if a Contractor or Vendor Refuses to Provide a W-9 for a 1099?


In our last blog, Filing a Form 1099, we discussed business’s 1099 filing requirements. Here, we will discuss what a business should do if a contractor, vendor, or other person will not provide the information necessary for the business to prepare and file a 1099.

If a business (including sole proprietors) pays a contractor, vendor, or another person (collectively referred to as a “payee”) $600 or more for services, goods, or rent over the course of a tax year, the business is required to report these payments to the IRS on an information return called Form 1099. See, e.g., I.R.C. § 6041.  The 1099 must state the payee’s name, address, and tax identification number (TIN), as well as the total amount paid to the payee during the year, in order to be valid. See I.R.C. §§ 6041 and 6109(A)(3); Treas. Reg. §§ 1.6041-6 and 301.6109-1.

Form W-9 and TINs

IRS Form W-9 is typically used by a business to request a payee’s name, address and taxpayer identification number (TIN) so the business can issue a 1099 to the payee and to the IRS. Filling out a W-9 form isn’t very difficult as it really only requires a few pieces of basic information.

A business relies on the W-9 form as a source for a payee’s personal information, the most important of which is the taxpayer Identification number (TIN). In the case of individuals, a TIN is actually the person’s social security number (SSN).  In the case of businesses, a TIN is the business’s employer identification number (EIN).

There is no reason for a payee not to supply a TIN, unless the payee qualifies for an exemption (not likely), or is trying to avoid reporting the income or payments received to the IRS. Some payees refuse to provide this information to the business, however.

Payor’s Obligations

The business that is required to issue and file Form 1099 is responsible for requesting that its contractors, vendors, or other payees fill out and return Form W-9. Accordingly, a business who pays a person (including other businesses) more than $600 per year should have the payee fill out and sign Form W-9 at the time that the independent contractor, vendor, or other relationship commences, and prior to paying any sums to the person.  Indeed, filling out Form W-9 should be a provision of the contract or agreement which provides for the work, services, or goods, and payment therefore, although failure to include this requirement in the contract or agreement does excuse a contractor, vendor, or other payee from providing the required information to the business on request.

Once a business obtains a filled out W-9 from a contractor, vendor, or other payee, the business must keep the form, or a copy thereof, in its records, and use the information on the form to prepare its 1099. Form W-9 is not filed with the IRS.

The information provided by a payee to a business on Form W-9 must be protected by the business. A business is not allowed to misuse or disclose the information provided to it by a worker, contractor, vendor, landlord, or other person, or the business may be subject to civil and/or criminal penalties.

The business that does not obtain a taxpayer identification number from a payee or properly and completely fill out its 1099 information returns to include the payee’s information, including taxpayer identification number, or timely issue and file its 1099 information returns, may also be subject to penalties. There are exceptions to this, however.  For instance, if a contractor, vendor, or other payee refuses to provide the correct or complete information to the requesting business in order for the business to properly issue and file its information returns, this may serve to mitigate the imposition of any penalties on the business.

Finally, a business is required to timely issue and file any required information returns. A contractor, vendor, or other payee’s failure to provide a taxpayer identification number does not excuse the business from timely meeting its filing requirements.  (See below for discussion of what to do if a payee neglects or refuses to provide information required to be shown on a 1099 information return.)

Payee’s Obligations

A payee who receives a proper request from a business (including sole proprietors) to fill out a W-9 is required to fill out the form and return it to the business. The requirement is contained in section 6109 of the Internal Revenue Code and accompanying Treasury Regulations.  See I.R.C. § 6109(a)(2), (3); see also Treas. Reg. § 301.6109-1(b)(1) (“A U.S. person whose number must be included on a document filed by another person must give the taxpayer identifying number so required to the other person on request.”).  Indeed, the general instructions on page one of the current Form W-9 indicate that it is mandatory to provide a taxpayer identification number to a business who properly requests it:

An individual or entity (Form W-9 requester) who is required to file an information return with the IRS must obtain your correct taxpayer identification number (TIN) which may be your social security number (SSN), individual taxpayer identification number (ITIN), adoption taxpayer identification number (ATIN), or employer identification number (EIN), to report on an information return the amount paid to you, or other amount reportable on an information return. (emphasis added)

Backup withholding

Payments which are reported on an information return such as a 1099 tend not to be subject to federal income tax withholding. But a person (including a business) may be subject to backup withholding, at the rate of 28 percent, if the person neglects or refuses to provide an accurate and valid TIN when properly requested to do so by a business.

What if a payee provides an incorrect TIN?

When a business files a Form 1099 with the IRS, the IRS uses its TIN matching program to verify that the name and TIN on the Form 1099 information return match and are correct.

If the TIN is incorrect, the IRS will notify the business by sending the business a CP2100 or a CP2100A Notice and a listing of incorrect name(s)/TIN(s) reported on the 1099 information return(s) filed by the business. The CP2100 or CP2100A Notice from the IRS will state the requirement that the business begin backup withholding, at the rate of 28 percent, from future payments to the payee who supplied the incorrect TIN.

Generally the business must begin backup withholding on all reportable payments to the payee within 30 days of receiving the notice, although the business should carefully review the notice for specific requirements.

The notice to the business will also state the requirement that the business send a “B” Notice, along with Form W-9, to the payee within 15 business days after the business receives a CP2100 or CP2100A Notice.

If the payee does not correct his TIN, the business may be required to send additional notices to the payee.

What if a payee refuses or neglects to provide a TIN?

If a payee refuses or neglects to provide a TIN when properly requested by a business, the business should immediately begin backup withholding, at the rate of 28 percent, on any reportable payments made to the payee (and remit this amount to the IRS).

The business should also make up to three solicitations to the payee for the payee’s TIN, in order to avoid a penalty for failing to include a TIN on the Form 1099 information return filed by the business.

Finally, if a contractor, vendor, or other payee refuses or fails to provide his taxpayer identification number, the business should still fill out and timely file its 1099 information return(s) with a notation that the payee failed or refused to provide his taxpayer identification number.  Failure to file Form 1099 based on a person’s refusal or failure to provide his taxpayer identification number does not excuse the business from timely filing all required information returns.

Penalties

Both the business and the contractor, vendor, or other payee may be subject to penalties for their respective failures when it comes to information returns and providing the required information.

Payor Penalties

A business may be penalized, both civilly and criminally, for its failures with respect to its information return obligations. The following penalties are just a few examples of penalties a business may face:

        • Penalties for misuse of TINs
            If a business misuses or improperly discloses a payee’s TIN or other information proved on a W-9 in violation of federal law, the business may be subject to civil and criminal penalties.
        • Penalty for omitting information on an information return
            A business is required to include a payee’s name, address, and TIN on any 1099 information returns filed with respect to the payee. If the business fails to include the required information on the filed 1099(s), the business may be subject to penalties for such failures.
          • In order to avoid a penalty for filing a 1099 information return that omits the payee’s TIN, a business must generally make multiple attempts to solicit a TIN from the payee. The IRS prescribes certain rules and requirements for making the solicitations.  For instance, generally, a business must make a first annual solicitation for the TIN (generally by December 31 of the year in which the account is opened) and if a TIN is still not received make a second annual solicitation by December 31 of the following year.  Other solicitations may be required.
        • Other filing penalties
            A payee’s refusal to provide a TIN or other information to a business does not excuse the business from timely meeting its filing requirements with respect to information returns that must be filed. If a business is required to file a 1099 information return and fails to do so, or files late, the business may be subject to penalties for such failures.

Payee Penalties

A payee may face multiple civil and/or criminal penalties for failing to provide accurate information, including the payee’s TIN, to a business that properly requests the same. The following are some of the penalties a payee may face:

        • Penalty for failure to furnish a TIN
            If a payee fails to furnish a correct TIN to a requester when it is properly requested, the payee may be subject to a penalty of $50 for each such failure.
        • Civil penalty for false information with respect to withholding
            If a payee makes a false statement with no reasonable basis that results in no backup withholding, the payee may be subject to a $500 penalty.
        • Criminal penalty for falsifying information
            Willfully falsifying certifications or affirmations may subject a payee to criminal penalties including fines and/or imprisonment.

When To Seek Help

The Internal Revenue Code and IRS Regulations concerning information return reporting requirements are complex. The many nuances, penalties, and other rules can be confusing even to the savviest person, and their application often varies based on a particular set of facts and circumstances.

Because each situation is unique and has its own facts and circumstances, we recommend you contact a tax attorney to discuss and obtain advice as to your particular situation. Whether you are a business, a contractor, a vendor, or other person, the tax attorneys at the Politte Law Offices are here to help.

If you are unsure about your filing and/or reporting requirements, are facing penalties on account of any of the failures mentioned above, or have any other question or concern, we can help. Contact us today.

156 comments
  1. Hello, Thank you for all your great information! I have a payee who refused to provide a W-9. My 1099 filing software company allows me to file a 1099 electronically without a TIN. You have stated that if there is no TIN, I need to file by paper. Is it okay if I file electronically through this 1099 e-filing provider since they allow it (with a caveat that I will receive a CP2100)?

  2. I work for a non-profit that is trying to pay off a client’s title loan. When requesting a W9 in order to make out the check, the company refused to provide a W9 with no explanation. Is this legal? Could I report this to the BBB or IRS?

    • I have seen this before. Yes, you can report it to the IRS. (Reporting the the BBB may not help.) If the non-profit issues any payments to the person/entity refusing to provide a W-9, then the non-profit should immediately begin backup withholding from any payments. Unfortunately, though, the entity may claim that the client has defaulted on the loan if they don’t receive full payment, and it could put the client in a tricky situation that the client is forced to litigate (because technically, the client is the borrower liable to pay the entity and the non-profit is not the borrower liable to pay). Reporting to the IRS may be the best option.

  3. Is there any software that I can use to E-File Incomplete 1099 NEC?
    I don’t have complete details of some vendors to whom I have issued multiple reminders to provide W-9s?

    • There are quite a few tax companies that allow you to efile the forms through their platforms for a fee. That said, if you do not have complete information for vendors, you’ll need to paper file them.

  4. I’m a professional free lance musician. I was hired to fill in for another band that could not make their gig.

    This happend about 5 times over the year 2023 I was paid a total of $3,500 for the 5 gigs.

    This band paid me via paypal for filling in for them. (everything went well.) however..

    It is 2024 now. The band that called me to fill in for them is Now requesting a 1099 or W9 form for me to fill out. They are claiming me as an employee of their band?

    I do NOT personally know this band or its members that well… other than knowing about them in my local music scene.

    My dilemma is… I prefer to NOT give my SS# to some irresponsible random kids that I don’t know. As that they are NOT professional Tax people. They could potentially or possibly sell my SS# for identity theft reasons. Or open up a credit card in my name.. Also whats to stop them 10yrs from now using my SS# to ruin my credit score etc… ???

    Is there a way to submit my W9 form with out giving out my personal info: ?

    I saw in a previous post on this site…you mentioned something about asking the (Payers) who their CPA or tax company is and just giving my W9 direct to their tax agent.

    Is this the only safe way to ensure no identity theft? or is there another way?

    I want to pay my taxes I just don’t want some kids having my SS#…
    Am I the only one that has these concerns?

    • If they are trying to issue you a Form 1099, then they are not claiming you as an employee, but rather are claiming you were a contractor. If the request for the W-9 is lawful and you fail to comply, you could face penalties for failing to comply and will be subject to immediate backup withholding from any future payments. A person (or entity) requesting a Form W-9 does have a legal obligation to protect the information on the form and not disclose it unlawfully, and there are laws against them selling it or opening up accounts or lines of credit on your behalf (they would be committing a crime and could face criminal prosecution). While you could try and provide the form only to their CPA or accountant, it does not change the fact that the person/entity who is the payee is the one filing the Form 1099 and maintaining it for their records and if it’s on the form they will have your SSN (but have a duty to protect the information nonetheless).

    • If you were paid via PayPal, they do NOT need a W9 from you, payments made via PayPal, Venmo, debit/credit cards are the responsibility of that merchant processor to 1099 (specifically 1099-K).

      You only have to provide a W9 if you were paid via check, cash, or ACH (note – Zelle works under ACH, so Zelle payments do require 1099 filing and therefore would trigger your requirement to provide a W9).

      I am not a tax professional, however you can check everything I said online and verify that it is true.

      • This is not true. The statute provides that the person paying the money in the course of their trade or business has to report the payment on an information return (i.e., issue and file a 1099). There is no carve out or exception for someone who uses PayPal. They still have to issue a 1099.

    • Also,

      As far as not wanting to provide SSN to random people, I completely understand – nothing you can do about it for the 2023 year at this point (if you have to provide a W9, then you have to, but in your case you do not as long as all payments were made via PayPal).

      However, for 2024 you could look into applying for an EIN with IRS (you can do it online – check what requirements you have to meet) – and then all future payments to you as a business will be counted under that EIN, so when you provide a W9 you still fill everything out but instead of your SSN you provide the EIN so your SSN remains secure.

      • Unfortunately, it’s not as simple as applying for an EIN and providing the EIN. If a person forms a single-member limited liability company, even if they obtain an EIN they are still required to provide their SSN on the Form W-9 (see directions to the form). It might be possible to form an S corporation or C corporation instead of an LLC and use the corporation’s EIN, but if you chose to do that you should be aware that there are a number of additional tax and other (i.e., statutory) requirements that you’ll have to comply with for the corporation (such as filing it’s own returns, issuing K-1s to the shareholders, making sure to comply with the new FINCEN rules for filing a report of registered owners (LLCs need to be aware of these new rules too).

  5. Hello,
    Thank you for the great information!
    I am a small business owner and provided services (performed two jobs) for a General Contractor in July of 2023. One of my invoices was partially paid by the GC, however the other invoice has not been paid. I’ve been told for months now that it will be paid. They are now requesting my W9. I would like to withhold providing my W9 until full payment is received. Is it legal for me to withold sending my W9 until full payment is received? Thank you!

    • No. If they paid you more than $600 in a tax year, the request for 1099 is lawful. If you refuse to provide the W-9, then they are required to begin backup withholding from any future payments (in which case when they do pay the rest of your invoice, you won’t receive 100% of what is still owed to you if they comply with the backup withholding laws).

  6. Can a payer refuse to issue payment for funds collected on behalf of a property owner for the rental of their property until the payee provides a W-9? Or are they obligated to make payment despite the lack of a W-9, since the monies collected on behalf of the owner don’t actually belong to the payer

    The payer is a third party rental agency which collects funds for vacation rentals and is supposed to distribute the rental income to the owner less a commission. This is not a business expense for the payer as they do not own the property, it’s more like they are a payment processing agency.

    I don’t see anywhere in the codes mentioned, that allows for the withholding of all payments in the payer’s bank account. It seems that the proper course of action would be for the payer to issue payment less 24% withholding and forward that withholding to the IRS with the 1099 including the information of the payee sans TIN?

    • Look at the contract or agreement with the payer. If there is a provision that provides they do not have to pay until a W-9 is received, then there is a contractual agreement that the payer could enforce (not paying until a W-9 is received). Otherwise, in general, rules of contract apply and the payer will be required to pay and the payee can seek to enforce the contract. That said, if a person refuses a lawful request for a W-9, the payer is legally obligated to begin backup withholding relative to payments after the refusal (until a W-9 is received).

  7. I’ve seem to have dug myself into a hole. I am a general contractor and was employing an undocumented worker who was in the process of getting his TIN number. I paid him close to $30k in the year 2022. Surprise, surprise, he said he was in the process of getting his TIN number and now he’s no longer in the picture. Regardless of his trustworthiness or his honesty, I am now in a situation where I could use advice. I’m planning on filing my taxes but clearly need to know my options on this matter. I have record of paying him checks, so the money is no longer in my possession. All advice is greatly appreciated.

    • If you made the payments in 2022, the Form 1099 for payments made in 2022 needed to be filed in January 2023. You can still file a Form 1099, but it will be late and you may face late-filing penalties.
      Otherwise, make attempts to contact the contractor and obtain the W-9. Document them: send text messages, letters, emails, make phone calls (and keep record of the calls), etc. If all else fails, a payor has a duty to file a Form 1099 nonetheless and, if they don’t have sufficient information on the contractor to file it electronically (i.e., they are missing a SSN or EIN), the payor can paper file the Form 1099. If the filed Form 1099 is incomplete, the IRS will send a letter to the payor stating it is incomplete and to get a W-9 from the contractor and that will have pages in it to give the contractor. The IRS will also instruct the payor to begin backup holding from future payments to the contractor.
      If, for some reason, you are not able to file a Form 1099, it does not mean that you are not entitled to deduct payments to the contractor as business expenses on the income tax return. Failing to file a Form 1099 may carry its own penalties and repercussions separate (i.e., penalties for late filing), but none of those penalties says a business cannot deduct a business expense on its income tax return (so long as it otherwise qualifies as a business deduction).

  8. My business is working with a payroll processing company. They make ACH withdrawals from my business account for their service fees. I have asked them for a W-9 and they have refused to provide one. Am I required to file a 1099-NEC for them? Since they are withdrawing the fees from my account I can’t collect backup withholding. What should I do?

    • Does your written agreement or contract with them provide anything relative to payment terms? Are you able to stop the ACH payments? In your situation, it might help to have an attorney send them a demand letter for the W-9 on your behalf. Alternatively, you can issue the Form 1099 and when the IRS writes you back, provide a copy of the IRS notice to them.

  9. Question: I’m an independent contractor and the company I work for sold without telling anyone. I was told the original owner’s accountant needed another copy of my W9, when in fact they were giving it to the new owner without my knowledge. Is this legal?

    • If the company was sold, the W-9 you provided belongs to the company, and the company will have it (even if there are new owners).

    • Form 941 is for employment taxes, where the person is employed. If it is a contractor, there is no withholding unless there is backup recording required by law (i.e., if the contractor refuses to provide a W-9, the payer must immediately begin backup withholding and remit it to the IRS). Backup reporting is reported by the payer on IRS Form 945 filed with the IRS, and payment is sent with the Form 945-V (payment voucher).

  10. Very nice post, it’s been helpful!

    I worked as a freelancer for a non-US company last year and the work was conducted in the U.S. Since the company cannot issue me a 1099 since it’s a foreign entity, I had to file my tax by self-reporting.

    However, I also had to hire another American freelancer to do the project with me on behalf of the company. After the project, I paid him and the fee was reimbursed by the foreign company as the part of the business expense reimbursement.

    In this case, do I have to file for a 1099 for the freelancer? or I have no obligation to do so since it was part of the project and the wage was included in the business expense that were reimbursed?

    • If your compensation (i.e., the amount you invoiced the company) included fees for the freelancer, but the amount was paid by the company to you, then you have an obligation to report the gross amount received (even with the amounts you subsequently paid to the freelancer). You would then report the amounts paid to the freelancer on Form 1099, and so long as the payments to him qualify, you should be able to deduct them as a business expense (i.e., contract labor) on your return.

  11. Hi there,

    I received a CP2100A because of Payee Information Error. This person no longer works with us and will not be working with us in the future. Is it legally required for us to send him a Notice B + W9? Thank you!

  12. I worked multiple independent contracting gigs in 2021. One of these included driving for Postmates. Postmates was acquired by uber and at some point during 2021, the postmates driver app was no longer accessible to me, as they had officially transitioned over to uber’s umbrella.

    I was not approved to drive for uber, so could no longer continue to drive/deliver for postmates after the transition.
    My 2021 tax information for postmates was never mailed to me, and since the driver app no longer existed, it was not available through there either.

    I contacted uber multiple times prior to the tax deadline, explaining the situation and requesting my postmates tax info. I basically got the run around and support stated they escalated this to their tax team. However, after weeks of asking for updates, the tax deadline came and went, without me receiving this information from uber. I ended up filing my taxes without the postmates/uber earnings info.

    Do I have any kind of case for suing uber or can they at least be subject to some type of penalty for not providing my tax info in a timely fashion? I’m likely going to have to file an amended return and am upset at their complete disregard to both my requests and tax timeline.

    I had to file my taxes without

    • First, I suggest that you review your contract(s) with Postmates and/or Uber to see if there is anything in the contract(s) regarding how to settle legal disputes or taxes. You may be required to follow the contract(s). For instance, if the contract requires arbitration to settle disputes, suing them may not be the best idea (unless they refuse to aribtate and you have to sue them to compel arbitration). Depending on the state where you live and/or state whose law governs, there may be legal remedies outside of a contract (i.e., there may be a statute) that provide you grounds for recoupment (a suit) against them. I cannot advise on that unless I’ve been retained. Finally, I will caution that even if a payer does not provide a 1099, it is still each taxpayer’s obligation to report his/her/its/their income on tax return, and suggest that a taxpayer can try and recreate these records (i.e., look at cancelled checks, deposits to bank, etc.).

  13. 26 CFR §31.3406(h)-3(b) provides “With respect to accounts or other relationships where the payee is not required to certify under, under penalties of perjury, that the taxpayer identification number being furnished is correct, the payor or broker may obtain the taxpayer identification number orally or may use Form W-9, a substitute form, or any other document, but the payee is not required to sign.” Under what circumstances is a payee not required to certify under penalty of perjury?

    • Examples would be if the payee was the United States government, a state government, local government, or foreign government. (In general exempt payees.) They would not be required to certify that they are not subject to backup withholding.

  14. 26 CFR §601.101(a) provides a general description of who is subject to internal revenue code. 26 CFR §601.101(b) says this is inclusive of every person subject. How do you suggest I approach an entity who thinks they are a payor with respect to me when they are not because neither of us fit within the confines of 26 CFR §601.101(a)?

    • If this is a situation regarding a tax protester (i.e., someone who claims that Congress does not have the authority to issue laws taxing them), there are many situations where courts in the United States have consistently upheld Congress’s authority to issue laws and the legality of imposing taxes. If a person is a U.S. citizen and is a tax protester, the payer should issue a Form 1099 and begin backup withholding immediately. The payer may want to consider reporting (i.e., whistleblowing) on the tax protester.

  15. We have received Form 945 from IRS requesting to pay taxes for all Form 1099-Misc issued in Year 2017. IRS Notices requesting to pay taxes are for subcontractors that the names and TIN numbers do not match. We sent IRS proof that Names and TIN numbers on the W-9 and Form 1099 are the same but IRS insist to make payment and and the interest is going up.
    I would appreciate if you can help us how to get this issue resolved with IRS

    Thanks

    • It sounds like you need to hire a tax attorney to represent you. Please contact us by phone or email, or through the contact form on the website if you would like to engage a tax attorney to assist you.

  16. I am a contractor working under a group business. This business has asked me to fill out a W9 form and has specifically asked for me to enter their EIN number instead of mine when filling this form out and returning it to them. This is confusing because in this article it says that providing details that do not match my information can lead to back withholding. I’m not sure what to do here.

    • You should not sign a Form W-9 that you know has incorrect information. (The form has a line for signing under penalty of perjury. If you sign and know information is wrong at the time you sign, you could face civil and criminal liability for the same.) The form instructions request the EIN or SSN of the payee (person receiving the money). Direct the business to read the form instructions and suggest they consult a tax attorney, like us.

  17. Thank you so much for all the very valuable information provided here. You are very kind and generous with the time it took to write the post as well as answer all the questions. I am only living on Social Security now, or otherwise I would try and send a Thank You in a monetary way.
    But I can send homemade cookies! I don’t think there is a category on a 1099-MISC or Form 709 for that. :-)
    Anyway, I just want you all to know how much the information shared here is appreciated.
    Thank You very much.

  18. I started an LLC this year and did not request W-9’s from every subcontractor who I ended up paying more than $600 this year. I have requested them on several occasions, but they are refusing to provide the information. What will happen if I don’t file a 1099 for those sub-contractors?

    • Worst case scenario: you are criminally prosecuted for willfully failing to file a return. Generally, the IRS does not pursue criminal prosecution for this, but it is a possibility and no one wants to be the one that is charged with a crime. Other scenarios are that the IRS assesses civil penalties against the payer for failing to file the forms. Best case scenario is that the IRS doesn’t figure it out and does nothing and a payer gets away with it (no criminal charges or penalties for failing to file the returns). With respect to the contractors’ refusals, the payer has a legal obligation to immediately begin backup withholding (and file Form 945 and pay the backup withholding to the IRS) if a contractor refuses to provide a W-9. That obligation itself contains its own legal ramifications if the payer doesn’t begin backup withholding relative to a contractor who refuses to provide a W-9.

  19. How do you handle a vendor who doesnt have a SSN or a TIN for w-9 and 1099 purposes and already received payment that would require a 1099?

  20. I have a slightly different question, I have a payer who is refusing to give their tax ID number to a vendor preventing this person from e-filing. What steps can they take?

    • Do you mean that the vendor is not providing the tax ID? The payer is the person making the payments to a vendor or contractor, and the vendor or contractor is the person receiving the money. The vendor or contractor is the one required to provide their tax ID to the payer, not the other way around, so the payer can prepare and file Form 1099. If a vendor refuses to provide a tax ID, the payer should immediately begin backup withholding from any future payments to the vendor (withhold taxes and remit them to the IRS on the vendor’s behalf). The payer should still file a Form 1099 (via paper) and once a response from the IRS is received, send the required information from the IRS to the vendor.

  21. Hello, I’m doing some 1099 work for a company, and they have insisted that I show ID along w/ my W9, that there is an “IRS requirement” for this – is this true? I Google’d it and don’t see anything. Thank you!

    • No, the requirement is that the contractor provide the Form 1099 and certify his/her/its/their tax ID number and whether the contractor is subject to backup withholding. That said, a company can contract (i.e., put in a written contract with a contractor at the time they hire the contractor, so long as the contractor agrees/signs the contract) that the contractor will provide an ID. In that case, there would be a contractual requirement for the contractor to provide it.

  22. This really makes me angry. It looks like nothing more than an open door for fraud. I know from going through the court system that things always favor the criminal. If you have to freely give your social security number to any business they can easily sell your number on the black market and you will never find out who it was and no court will defend you as you would have to destroy your life to prove anything. What a ridiculous law. What do you do to protect yourself? I will not give out my SSN. That is just not an option.

    • I am sorry you feel this way Allen. The law is actually geared at (1) requiring people who receive payments to report their income (by having a Form 1099 filed, they are then forced to report the income they receive on their returns (so many people commit tax fraud and don’t report cash receipts or income they receive if they don’t receive a Form 1099 or Form W-2 for it), and, to a lesser extent, (2) ensuring that businesses are accountable for the business expenses (i.e., expenses for payments to contractors) they report on their return. While a criminal could misuse the information provided to him or her on a Form W-9, there are laws against this. There are significantly higher criminal rates of SSNs being released and/or sold by virtue of data breaches (such as a data breach for Target) than there are relative to misuse of Form W-9.

  23. My sub-contractor refuses to fill out W-9 form. I sent him a certified letter asking him to fill out the form. I did that just before I was supposed to make the last payment. So, as of now, I am withholding about 10% of the total. I want to pay him in full, but he’s not cooperating. What should I do? Should I pay him the balance anyway? Is there anything that legally allows me to withhold these money? Thank you

    • Yes! If a sub-contractor refuses to provide Form W-9 you actually have a legal obligation/requirement to immediately begin backup withholding. Generally, the withholding rate is 24% of each subsequent payment. Please review the statute and IRS instructions to verify you are withholding the correct amount. You are then required to remit the withheld amount to the IRS and file Form 945. The contractor may then file a claim with the IRS to get a refund of the amount withheld if it exceeds the contractor’s tax liability.

  24. How long does a vendor have to give us any corrections that will affect a 1099? It is now May and we were just contacted by a vendor who wants to change their Name and TIN effective for most of 2020. If they did not inform me of the change, am I obligated to go back and issue corrections that are over a year old? I believe that I would need to issue 2 1099’s: One correction with the new amount that will be attributed to the old Name/TIN and one with the new name/TIN and amount that will be attributed to the new TIN.

    • While their may be a legitimate reason for changing a name (i.e., the vendor is a company and it legally changed its name by filing a certificate of name change with the secretary of state), generally changing a name demonstrates a vendor’s attempt to change the payee. Same with changing a TIN. The payer is required to issue the Form 1099 to the person or vendor it paid, and the person or vendor it paid cannot designate that another person or vendor who wasn’t paid (i.e., another company) receive the Form 1099.

  25. A payor overstated my 1099-NEC by 20% and they refuse to correct the amount. Can’t I just take a business expense for the 20% as a commission? They are incorporated and thus exempt from me filing a 1099 on them. Is there a solution?

    • I caution against creating a fictitious business expense. Rather, a fraudulently or improperly issued 1099 can be dealt with in other ways on the return, such as reporting the actual gross receipts and attaching a statement to the return reconciling it and explaining why the gross receipts do not match the 1099 amount. In other situations, it can be dealt with in the statements to the return (i.e., list the 1099 amount and then subtract the improperly issued amount and put the total on page 1 of Form 1040 under “other income”). In addition, document your attempt to have the payer correct the Form 1099, and keep written records of the same. I also suggest putting together records of received payments to show taxing authorities if you are audited.

  26. I used to do occasional work for this company that has a number of shady practices (e.g. never requested a W-9, submitted payments over PayPal without a any sort of breakdown of payment). I stopped for a number of reasons, including the fact that they issued payments late, and the whole thing felt a little below board. I filed my taxes in January, and I received an email on the 12th and two follow-up emails in a row today requesting not a W-9, but just my SSN and address. They wanted me to send it unsecured to an unencrypted email address. I hesitate to send it because I don’t really trust the business practices and ethics of this company, and furthermore, they are past the deadline to issue me a 1099. This would also result in me having to amend my tax returns. Is there any stipulations to when and how a business should request this information, and am I still required to provide this information if they are requesting this information after the due date? Thank you.

    • While there is a filing deadline for Forms 1099, that does not mean that the company can’t late file. Many taxpayers miss return deadlines and still file returns. Just because a filing deadline passed does not mean the company doesn’t still have a legal obligation to file the return. (Look at it as though there are two obligations: (1) to file a return, and (2) to file it on time. The obligations are separate from one another. Late filing may result in penalties to the company. Not filing at all may result in other penalties or criminal prosecution.) I would suggest mailing the form or using a secure means to transmit the information.

  27. If I completed a W9 with my social, then acquired an EIN but never changed it as I continued to work throughout the year. They sent my 1099 with my name and social vs company name and EIN. Can I change my status and request a new 1099 from employer with my updated info?

    • Did the payee change? If you continued to do work in your name and receive payment in your name (instead of the company name) after you formed the company, then technically the 1099 should go to you since the payments were in your name. That said, if you formed a single-member LLC and the company did not make an S corporation election with the IRS, then you are required to put your name and SSN on the Form W-9 even if the payments are to a single-member LLC (since the single-member LLC is disregarded for tax purposes). So, it may not make a difference if you formed a company anyhow…

  28. I hired a contractor to do a renovation (around $30,000) and said I would only hire him if he had a tax ID number. He provided me one, but I didn’t realize I also needed a signed W-2 form. Now the work is all complete and I asked him to sign the W-2 and he says that the ITIN he provided is no longer valid. He says he needs to apply for a new one. What do I do? Should I go ahead and submit a 1099 for him without a signed w2, but using the number he provided before we started work, or submit a 1099, with 000’s in the tax ID box, and wait for the IRS to then send a letter back?

    • Tough situation. Immediately begin backup withholding from future payments. Yes, issue the 1099. If it’s a wrong number, the IRS will send you a letter with information to send to the contractor.

  29. I paid a sub-contractor a total of $3534 in 2020. He is totally against receiving a 1099 and did not turn in a W9. However, I have his ssn because I sent him to a training class where it was needed. He gave me his ssn willingly for that reason, so can I use it for the 1099 even though he doesn’t want me to?

  30. I worked virtually as a trainer for a youth who because he couldn’t do sports the last few months. The Mom issued me a W9 randomly a day ago. Is that normal? I thought training was considered a personal service not something that could be deducted as a business expense. I’ve never had a private client like this issue a W9, only gyms or businesses I’ve worked it. I had already planned on incorporating it as misc earnings on my taxes, but I’m a bit leery giving her a W9 since she’s not a business and it means my SSN will be floating around with her. What’s the protocol? If I refuse the W9 could I get in trouble even though I’ve claimed the earnings? Also how does paying taxes on something virtual work if she’s in one state and I’m in another?

    • Do you mean the mom requested you fill out a W-9? If she gave you a 1099 with her information, it doesn’t make much sense. If she requested you fill out a W-9, it is so she can issue you a 1099. Payers engaged in a trade or business making payment in the course of their trade or business are required to issue 1099s. If she was not paying you in the course of her trade or business (i.e., she was doing it in her personal capacity or for personal purposes), she may not be required to issue you a 1099. As to refusing to fill out the W-9, if her request is not lawful, then you can refuse it. You may have grounds to refuse it if you were being paid by her in her personal capacity. And, as you surmised, you do still have a legal requirement to report the income even if you do not receive a 1099.

  31. What happens if a company paid a contractor (LLC) $1K (one time payment for service provided once) in one year and collected it back the next year as it wasn’t happy with the services provided, does it still need to file 1099, or that won’t be required as the company didn’t pay anything to the contractor in the end?

    • Technically, a 1099 should still be issued relative to the year of payment. The contractor can address the refund on the contractor’s return the following year.

  32. I worked as a contractor for a couple of months in 2020 and have been asked to submit an invoice for payment along with W-9. This company has had data breaches and I no longer trust them with my TIN or other personal info (i.e., electronic deposit). I would rather forego payment ($2500) than provide W-9 info but is it possible to assign/designate another payee, i.e., church, charitable org, another individual, etc.? I assume the assigned payee would have to provide W-9, etc. and report the payment as income. If this is possible, would I still be liable for any taxes or reporting anything to the IRS?

    • Generally, yes, you are liable for reporting the income even if you designate the payment to a third party. If you forgo the payment altogether (with no designating it to a third party), then you would not have to report the income.
      I suggest contacting the company and trying to see if there is a workaround to your security concerns. Perhaps you could enter into an agreement with the company and its accountant that the accountant gets the W-9 and will not share it with the company and, for the 1099, only provides a redacted copy of the 1099 (with your SSN redacted) to the company while the accountant retains the original.

  33. Very good information here. My question is regarding a law firm who received funds into the Client Trust account, then dispersed them to the client. The insurance company of the defendant sent a w-9 to the attorney with both names (client & law firm). Any advice? Who sends it back? Aren’t Trust accounts exempt? I am very ignorant on this topic. Thanks

    • Who was the payment to? What does the settlement agreement say (if anything) about the 1099? If both the attorney’s and client’s names were on the check, both may be required to fill out the 1099 (it also depends on what the payment was for–that’s why I say may). I suggest contacting us for further information about how to report the 1099 amounts on the attorney’s and client’s returns.

  34. Hi, I don’t know if this website site is still updating, I just found you guys today.

    One of my contractor told me that he was afraid of identity theft when I first requested a W9 before our partnership began. I trusted that he will provide it at the end of the partnership. Now our partnership has ended, and we have a final payment of $1,000 that needs to be sent to him. I asked again (twice) for his W9 and now he is saying that he will be sending it to me at the end of this year with the excuse of identity theft again.

    I’m just not sure if it’s okay to have someone send us their W9 at the end of year. All of our other contractors have always submitted W9 at the beginning of the partnership.

    Please help. I’m not sure if we should send him the payment now. What if he doesn’t give us his W9 by the end of the year.

    • If a contractor refuses to provide a W-9, a payer must immediately begin backup withholding from any payments to the contractor. Only after the payer provides the W-9 can the payer stop backup withholding.

  35. Hello,
    I am a seasonal with W2 real estate investor. During 2019’s I ran into a pretty bad situations with several contractors during rehab of a property that I bought. I did let go some for not doing the job as agreed and have change changes couple contractors on different area on various works. I completely don’t know anything about 1099s period. I highly doubt they will response to me calls. During the course of rehab on this specific property, I have encounter quiet few contractors. I paid for the work in combine methods of Cashier Check, Personal Check and Zelles. With all that, what course of action would you be able to advices when doing my tax and what course of action can I take on the contractors. Sincerely thank you for your time.

    Respectfully,

    • Contact the contractors (via phone, email, and mail), and ask them to fill out a Form W-9. If they refuse to provide it or don’t respond, try contacting them again. This firm also is available if you would like to hire use to try and help you get their information (sometimes it takes being contacted by an attorney). If they don’t provide it, you can still file the 1099s with their information on it (but missing the SSN). Be prepared to get a response letter from the IRS asking you to correct the forms and get the SSNs for the contractors. The IRS response will also contain an IRS letter to give to the contractors saying they need to provide their SSNs.

      • I had the same situation and found the questions and your answers are extremely helpful. However, I heard that a payer (business owner) needs to withhold and pay the 28% tax to IRS using a 945 form. Do we have to do that? 28% of $75,000 is quite a lot which I can not afford.

        • If a contractor wants to avoid the backup withholding rate, the contractor can do so by providing the Form W-9 and certifying that the contractor is not subject to backup withholding. It is a lot of money, but the IRS isn’t going to distinguish the rate based on the amount paid. And yes, the payer is required to remit the backup withholding to the IRS and file Form 945.

  36. Asking for a buddy who isn’t internet handy – a contractor did work for an overseas company and was paid by their American partner. The amount was a bit over 10k in one sum – however they never requested a w9 or provided a 1099. The contractor being busy and dealing with a lot of 1099’s simply forgot about that specific payment. He’s submitted his taxes but has since realized he forgot to add this. Since there was no request for a w9 is he safe or should he probably amend?

    • Generally, the IRS has three years from the date a return is filed to examine (audit) it an make changes. If there is a substantial understatement of income on the return (i.e., if the income is underreported by 20% or more), then the IRS has six years to audit the return and make changes. This is known as the audit statute of limitations (the period the IRS has to audit and make changes to a return). As long as the statute of limitations has not run, then there is a risk the IRS or state may come in an make changes to your buddy’s return.

  37. Last year I had some caregivers working in the home through a referral agency; according to the agency contract, they are independent contractors. However, I didn’t ask them for TINs at the time and now they no longer work in my home. I recently mailed them letters asking for their TINs so that I could complete 1099s, but they are not responding. What do I do?

    • Send them a W-9 and document your efforts to contact them. Send them letters via certified mail, screenshot your text messages, and keep copies of your emails to them. If they don’t provide them, you can still file the 1099 without their SSNs (you would have to mail it in). The IRS will send you a notice in response that has an IRS letter to give to the contractors.

  38. Hello im a business owner I did not get a w-9 from a vendor but I did get an employment application with ss# can I still file a 1099? this person does not want one and says they did not file a w-9 would this affect me if I still file a 1099 without a filled out w-9? I have paid them with my business check and Zelle

    • You can always file a 1099 late. You may face a late-filing penalty, but the penalty is relatively small compared to the possible penalties you could face if you don’t file altogether.

  39. I just received a 1099 from a company that I did NOT do over $600 worth of work for, they are claiming I did. Because I knew we wouldn’t do over $600 worth of work I never filled out a W-9, and they never asked. I go by my middle name for anything that doesn’t require my legal name “like bank accounts and taxes”, so all they had was my middle name. So they got on facebook or something and found my last name, then I’m guessing googled it and found a address I lived at 4 years ago. Because I know the person who lives there now they dropped it off to me. And they put my social as 999-99-999. So they do not have my legal name, the current address that I have been filing taxes from for the last 4 years, or my social. First question, whats stopping me from throwing this away? Literally if I didn’t know the person living at my old house I would of never gotten this. And without any matching information how would the IRS tie this back to me? Second question, they paid me $500 via check. They are claiming they paid me $1,000. I only did one job, for $500. What do I do?

    • One option is to request they issue the 1099 for the correct amount. Another is to let the IRS know it is a fraudulent 1099. As to the issuance to begin with, the $600 threshold is the minimum for issuing a 1099, but it doesn’t mean a company is not allowed to issue them for payments less than $600. Many companies will issue 1099s when less than $600 is paid. You still have an obligation to report the income you received on your return, regardless of whether you get a 1099. If the 1099 is incorrect, you can report the correct income on your return and include a explanation statement to your return as to why there is a discrepancy between the income you reported and the 1099.

  40. My Agency did not provide any W9 or official contract or paperwork when I first started as a Independent Contractor. Agency refused to provide these items when asked so I quickly saw that this was a bad decision. Left and they still owe me back commissions for 2019. How do I handle the tax situation?

    • From a tax perspective, you have a duty to report taxable income you receive on your return, regardless of whether you receive a Form 1099, Form W-2, or other form from the person or company paying you. So, if you received the income, report it on your return. Unfortunately, if they won’t give you a 1099 or W-2, you may have to dig through your records to figure out how much you were paid so you can report it.

      If you did not receive the income, that is another issue. Assuming you are a “cash basis” taxpayer (which is the case with individuals), you report income in the year you receive it, and don’t have to report income you did not receive. There are exceptions (for instance, cancellation of indebtedness income), but these likely wouldn’t apply.

      From a business or employment perspective, you may have claims to receive amounts they owe you for work you did. Please feel free to reach out to this firm if you would like to discuss further.

  41. Hello, I am in a band that has played several shows at the same venue in 2019. Never once were we asked to complete a W-9. Honestly, in our experience, most venues don’t even bother with this. Now we are being asked to complete w W-9. We were paid for 4 shows totaling $4000 paid by check. These funds were then split between the band members using online money transfer (Zelle). My question is, since we were never asked to fill out a W-9 nor were we ever told we would be issued one, do we have to fill one out? I have already filed my 2019 taxes. Had I known this would come up I would have included it with those taxes. Also, since the money was split between the 4 of us, what needs to happen there?

    • A taxpayer has an obligation to report taxable income on his or her return even if he or she does not receive a Form 1099 or Form W-2. You may want to consider amending your 2019 return.

      As to the other questions, if their request for a W-9 is lawful and you refuse to comply, there is a chance you could face penalties from the IRS if the company proceeds to issue a 1099 anyway. For instance, they might file a 1099 with the name of a taxpayer, and the IRS would come back and ask them to provide it, and ask them to give you a copy of the IRS letter that says you have to provide it and directing them to withhold a percentage of any future payments to you. But you bring up a good point with respect to how you divvy up the money. Depending on what your contract or engagement looked like, it might be proper for the venue to issue the 1099 to a company (if you and your band mates had a company), or one to each of you. Please feel free to reach out to us if you have any further questions.

  42. Supposed cash payments were made to undocumented workers. Workers have no SS number or ITIN. Payor does not have full names or addresses for the workers. No 1099’s or W-2’s have been issued. This spans a period of several years. What is the best course of action?

    • Form 1099s are supposed to be filed at the beginning of the year following the close of the tax year in which the payments were made. For instance, 1099s for the 2018 tax year were due at the beginning of 2019; 1099s for the 2016 tax year were due at the beginning of 2017. The payer can still issue and file the 1099s for previous years, but there is always the potential that the payer could face late-filing penalties. This may be worthwhile to discuss further. Please give us a call to discuss if you would like.

      As to going forward, the best course of action would be to require the payee to fill out a W-9 before he or she is paid–make it a requirement of the job (i.e., put it in a written agreement, tell them up front, don’t let them do work if they won’t fill it out, etc.). If he or she doesn’t have an taxpayer identification number, he or she can apply for one from the IRS, and it is pretty easy to do so.

  43. Thanks for this info. I sell software as a sole,proprietor and last year I sold a copy to a financial company for about $8,000. They asked me now for a W9. I am required to give it to them?

    Thanks in advance.

    • If it is a lawful request, the answer is yes. Whether the request is lawful depends on several factors though (for instance, did they pay you the money, did they pay it in the course of their trade or business, or was it a capital asset that you sold, etc.). Without knowing all the specifics (for which we would have to be engaged), I cannot say, but in a nutshell, if they paid the money to you in the course of their trade or business, then more likely than not it is a lawful request.

        • The requirement to issue a Form 1099 makes no distinction between software or goods and services. In fact the requirement to issue a 1099 applies to payments of any of the following: rent, salaries, wages, premiums, annuities, compensations, remunerations, emoluments, or other fixed or determinable gains, profits, and income.

    • Document it in paper! The W-9 itself has to be signed, and in signing it the person receiving the money agrees he or she is signing it under penalty of perjury. So make sure it is signed. If you are concerned about his or her true identity, you could ask for a copy of his or her driver’s license that way you have the address on file with the state and driver’s license number in case you ever need to track him or her down. You could ask to verify it against or her social security card, but he or she doesn’t have an obligation to show you it (employees have to prove it, but not independent contractors). In all events, get a signed W-9, and make sure you comply with your obligations to issue a 1099. If it is an invalid social security number, the IRS will let you know, and will send you a letter asking you to correct it and another letter for you to give the contractor.

      • If we send the contractor a B notice and no longer do business with this contractor (not able to withhold), does our liability end there?

        • You should still paper file a Form 1099. If you did that already (and that’s where the B notice came from), then that should suffice.

  44. Does this apply to a landlord who is renting out one half of a duplex where he lives in the other half? I have one contractor who gave me an invoice and contract, did excellent work, but is now giving me static about filling out the W-9. I am new to this whole thing, and my father neglected to go over any of this with me before he passed away. My tax preparer, who also worked with my father, is the one who told me this needed to be done.

    • It depends on the circumstances.
      With respect to rents received, it depends on whether the tenant is using the duplex to conduct a trade or business. The obligation to file a Form 1099 is based on a person or entity conducting a trade or business and incurring the expense in the course of the trade or business. If the renter is not paying the rent in the course of the trade or business, then arguably renter is not required to file a Form 1099 and has no need of the Form W-9 or information thereon from the landlord.
      With respect to payments by the landlord to others, if the landlord pays a contractor to do work on the duplex in the course of the landlord’s trade or business (rental may be considered the same) then the landlord should obtain a Form W-9 and issue a Form 1099 to the contractor.

  45. My husband died on 12/31/17 and I paid an attorney to write a contract to sell our business early in February, 2018. I didn’t realize until I was doing 1099s for contractors that I was supposed to treat the attorney as a contract employee. I requested that she send me a W-9 or at least a TIN a couple of weeks ago. She replied that she was out of the country and wouldn’t do it until February. I contacted her again and told her I had to have the information in order to file the 1099 by 1/31/19. She didn’t reply so I contacted her today by text. She again refused to give me any information until she returns next month. I understand that I’m required to file the 1099 today without a TIN, but where and how do I inform the IRS that she has refused to provide her TIN so I won’t be penalized?

    • I apologize for the delayed response. You can always reach out to this firm via phone or email if you are interested in discussing your matters.
      While there is no guaranty that the IRS will not assess a penalty against you or the business, I suggest documenting the timely attempts to obtain the attorney’s EIN and the attorney’s refusal to provide the same. If you file the Form 1099 without the EIN, the IRS will send you a notice, and you can provide proof that the attorney would not provide it, and this may be enough to avoid a penalty.

  46. This was the most informational post I have seen. It took me forever to figure out what to do if a contractor refused to fill out a W9 form. Thank you for the information!

    • My sub-contractor refuses to fill out W-9 form. I sent him a certified letter asking him to fill out the form. I did that just before I was supposed to make the last payment. So, as of now, I am withholding about 10% of the total. I want to pay him in full, but he’s not cooperating. What should I do?

      • Continue backup withholding (you should be withholding at a higher rate–read the IRS rules on this), remit the withheld amounts to the IRS and file Form 945. Let the contractor file a refund claim with the IRS.

    • If they fill out a Form W-9, they are required to certify they are a U.S. citizen or U.S. person (i.e., entity organized in the U.S.). If they are a foreign person, then they should not fill out Form W-9. Instead, they are required to fill Form W-8 or Form 8233.

  47. Received CP-2100 for subs who no longer do work for the business. All information that is on file matches what the subs turned in on W-9 and what information is shown on the CP-2100 notice. What should be done by the business?

    • When you receive an IRS Notice CP2100, the first thing you should do is compare the error information with your business records. Check to see if the Form 1099 you filed matched the Form W-9 you received from the contractor.

      • If the issue is a missing SSN or EIN, start backup withholding immediately from all future payments to the contractor until the contractor provides the SSN or EIN. Send the appropriate “B” notice and Form W-9 to the contractor.
      • If the issue is an incorrect SSN or EIN, compare the Form W-9 with the Form 1099. If the SSN or EIN on the Form 1099 does not match the Form W-9, correct the Form 1099 (i.e., file a corrected Form 1099 with the correct SSN or EIN). If the SSN or EIN matches what is on the Form W-9, send the appropriate “B” notice and Form W-9 to the contractor.
      • If you send a “B” notice to the contractor and the contractor does not respond, you may have to send a second “B” notice.
      • Make sure you meet all the deadlines and response dates in the Notice CP2100.
  48. Great information. I paid a contractor over $8,000 in a rip-off that should have cost no more than $3,500 to do it properly. It was a shoddy job, for which he had insisted over $6,000 up front, manipulating me with ‘the price of materials went way up,’ and if we spend time reviewing huge discrepancy with insurance, he couldn’t start right away and get done before bad weather,” while I was nearly brain dead having worked 3 overnites with no sleep (I’m over 70, and allowed his BS to overcome my normal common sense . Then after paying him the full balance without being able to see the work (225 miles away, and repeated blizzards and road closures), with incessant demands for pay-off, I stupidly caved (mid December) after he provided the itemization I demanded, (claiming 4x actual cost for materials, but I had indeed signed the ludicrous contract). I neglected to get his TIN while at the bank, so sent the required three separate W-9s which he refused to answer by deadline. Feb 1 he stuck it in my mailbox and I sent a corrected 1099 to the IRS. That was 2/3/17. Now they tell me the SS # is not a match. Ran into him yesterday and told him I just got a letter from the IRS stating such, and he refuses to cooperate. I’m not familiar with, nor could I find “Form B” that I need to repeat all this process. My tired stupidity, but why isn’t there more onus on the contractors who clearly want to avoid paying taxes on their ill gotten $$$.

  49. My client issued a 1099 to a subcontractor prior to 1/31/18. The sub claims he never received it (all other subs received theirs). Same sub was slow to furnish a w-9. Client paid him wages in good faith that the w-9 was coming. Sub now is asking that we amend his 1099 to only include the income we paid him after the date he signed his w-9. And sub claims that we owe backup withholding on the amounts paid prior to the w-9.

    I know it is encouraged to receive a w-9 for all vendors prior to making any payments, even if under $600, but is there an IRS rule on how to treat payments made prior to the receipt of the w-9?

    • Anyone engaged in a trade or business has an obligation to report all amounts paid to a contractor that are income to the contractor, so long as more than $600 is paid in a year, regardless of whether a Form W-9 is received and if it is received, when it is received.

  50. A GC never delivered my form 1099-MISC even after I completed a W9 for them. I asked what actions they were going to take and they said they could file an amendment. They never followed through and now I’m not sure what to do. How do I declare the income I made without having their information? They have been unresponsive for weeks now and the deadline is only days away.

    • You do not need the business’s information to report income on your return. If it is Form 1099 income, you would simply report the income on the appropriate schedule and line of your tax return. While businesses have an obligation to issue and file Forms 1099, this obligation is completely separate from a taxpayer’s duty to account for and report income on his return. In other words, it is your job to keep track of an report income even if you do not receive a Form 1099, and it is a business’s job to issue and file a Form 1099 even if you do not report the income on your tax return.

  51. what if a client asks for a w-9 to be filled out for them after you filed your taxes; they are asking in April, so really freaking late and I don’t want to pay any more to have my tax person fix anything because of this lateness. I also don’t want it to appear to the IRS, with a looming 1099 yet to be issued, that I made more when it was already claimed. I have already accounted for the money I received from this client on my return to the IRS.

    • All taxpayers have an obligation to report income on their returns, regardless of whether they receive a Form 1099 for the income or whether the Form 1099 is timely received. If a taxpayer knows he earned income, he has to track and report it on his return. If the taxpayer fails to do so, he may face an audit or having the IRS make changes to his return later if a Form 1099 is filed. In addition, the taxpayer may face penalties for not reporting the income in the first place. Depending on the particulars, the taxpayer may be better off amending the return to report the income and pay the additional tax due than waiting until after the business files a Form 1099 and the IRS to identifies the discrepancy.

  52. I’m working as a freelancer and was contracted to work with a small business. Turns out they did not submit my completed W9, and while we have written communication agreeing to the amount they have paid me for last year, she refuses to provide her ID number (either her EIN or SSI). Our tax software is asking for this information. They said they needed time to find the number, and refused to provide the SSI. They paid me through their personal account, not business account. When I made clear that I was done waiting on them to do their due diligence, I was fired in response. They say they’re not going to include my payments in their taxes and say to consider the money paid to me a gift. I will need to file for this year and next as well.

    • If the amounts paid to a recipient as a contractor are income (as opposed to non-income items), the recipient has an obligation to report them as such on the recipient’s income tax return and pay any tax thereon, regardless of whether the recipient receives a Form 1099 from the payor. If amounts paid to a recipient truly are not income (for instance, they are a gift, or other non-income payments), the recipient may not need to report them on the recipient’s return.

      We suggest retaining a tax attorney to advise you as to the particulars of your situation. (We are not able to provide specific legal advice to anyone who is not our client and without further information.)

  53. Joint Commissions account for 2 individuals. The commission payor paid Party #1 & Party #2 directly 50% of the commissions thru the year. At the end of the year, the company issues a 1099 to only Party #1 for ALL commissions. They are stating they only had a W9 on file for Party #1 completed and will not correct the 1099 reporting 50% commissions to each person.. For Party #1 to issue a 1099 themselves for party #2. Party #1 that received the 1099 for the full amount of commissions does not have the SS# of the other party to issue a 1099 and party #2 wont give it to them..

    • Who paid the commissions to Party #2? If company paid the commissions to Party #2, then Party #1 has no obligation to report the amounts paid to Party #2 to the IRS unless company was paying them to Party #2 on Party #1’s behalf with funds belonging to Party #1 (for example, a situation where this might be the case is if an attorney uses funds in his client trust account to pay his client’s contractor).

      The parties should look to their respective contracts or agreement with company and with each other (if any), as well as state law to determine their respective interests in the commissions and the joint account.

  54. My company issued a Form 1099-MISC for 2017 to an independent contractor for nonemployee compensation. It was timely issued by 1/31/18, and also filed with the IRS. On 2/13/18 my company received an email from the contractor requesting that we issue a corrected 1099-MISC because we used an “old” TIN. A new Form W-9 dated 2/1/18 was attached (He now has an EIN for his Subchapter S LLC). Is my company required to correct the 2017 1099-MISC? Or can/should we just use this new Form W-9 for the future?

    • Whether your company has an obligation to correct the Form 1099 depends on all the facts and circumstances, and looking to your company’s records and documentation should help answer your question.

      If there was a contract, your company may look at the contract to see who your company was required to pay, and/or whether the contract or payments were properly assigned from contractor to Subcontractor S LLC at any point. Also, look at to whom the payments were made. If your company properly made the payments to contractor instead of Subcontractor S LLC (as opposed to your company improperly making the payments to contractor when it should have made them to Subcontractor S LLC), absent a contract or agreement that provides otherwise, it would follow that your company should issue a Form 1099 to contractor because contractor was the recipient of the payments. In addition, look at invoices and correspondence from contractor or Subcontractor S LLC relative to payment. If contractor issued invoices, and payment was made to contractor in response, it follows that the Form 1099 should be issued to contractor. If invoices requested payment to Subcontractor S LLC, it follows that your company should have paid Subcontractor S LLC and issued a Form 1099 to Subcontractor S LLC (unless there is a contract basis stating otherwise).

  55. I technically worked for a nonprofit that I was the sole employee of. But after failure to pay me our agreed upon wages, I left after two months and started my own sole proprietorship. I am being asked to fill out a w9 as I know is technically how it would work since I was paid over 600, but I do not trust the party with my ssn and do not feel I worked for them because they did not reach the agreement of the contract. Do I still need to provide info? I just want to move on and not be audited…

  56. I’m a sole proprietor. I did work for a GC in 2016 and 2017. I’ve done 8 projects with him in the 2 years and he never asked me for a completed W-9. I received a text message from him on February 11, 2018 asking me for my tin for the 1099. I always include income received from all work I get paid for but shouldn’t he have not only requested a w9 before work commenced and as a payer doesn’t he have a deadline of January 31st to issue it? Can I report him to the IRS?

    • The deadlines to file Form 1099-MISC and furnish a copy to the recipient depends, on part, on what payment is being reported on the form. For the 2017 taxable year, the deadline to file Form 1099-MISC reporting non-employee compensation in box 7 was January 31, 2018. For all other reported payments, the deadline to file Form 1099-MISC is February 28, 2018 (if filed on paper) or April 2, 2018 (if filed electronically). A payer can get an automatic 30-day extension of time to file by filing Form 8809 by the due date of the returns.

      Generally, the deadline to furnish Form 1099-MISC to the recipient is January 31st or, only if payments are being reported in box 8 or 14 thereon, February 15th. A payer can also request an extension of time to furnish statements to recipients by following the instructions provided by the IRS for doing so.

      There is nothing in the Internal Revenue Code or Treasury Regulations that requires a contractor to fill out a Form W-9 or a payer to request a contractor’s TIN before the contractor commences work or before the payer pays the contractor. Rather, the statute requires the payer to issue and file Form 1099 by a certain deadline. So, theoretically, the payer could ask the contractor to fill out Form W-9 after a job is complete or after payment has been made. That said, this is not necessarily the best business practice for a payer to wait to request the Form W-9 because the payer may face hurdles in obtaining the information from the contractor in a timely manner.

      While a payer does have a deadline to file and furnish the Form 1099, the payer’s failure to meet this deadline is on himself, and he may be penalized by the IRS for late filing. The late-filing penalty is likely to be less than penalties for failing to file altogether.

      If you choose to report the payer to the IRS for a suspected failure, and whether the IRS will take action thereon, depends on what is reported and whether the payer actually did anything wrong.

  57. Through revisions to the laws over the years the IRS have made whistleblowers out of virtually everybody. Each time you send someone a 1099 and report it to the IRS you are essentially saying, “Hey IRS! This person made xx amount of money from me. “. This gives the IRS the data necessary to quickly identify when people are not reporting all of their income.
    Sure, tax cheats don’t need to cheat on their taxes, but I also think there is such a thing as government having too much power. Just how much data does the IRS need to collect from everybody? In my opinion their lawmakers need to drastically reduce and limit the amount of data that the IRS can collect and hold on people.
    They say USA is a free country, but I beg to differ when the government is allowed to assign social security numbers to every living person, collect data on them, and track them for their entire life.
    That’s slavery, not freedom.

  58. What is the procedure when the payee is now deceased and there is no estate to provide the information? I paid a subcontractor for work and he died (according to another person who knew him).

    • If the payee had assets that did not automatically transfer upon his death (for instance, property he owned in his name, or a bank account), generally someone who was related will step up to become the personal representative. That person would be responsible for filing a final return. I suggest contacting his family to see if he had a will or to see if whoever took charge of his affairs will provide the information you need. If there is no family member who is willing or there are no estate (no probate proceedings), there is likely a state statute that provides directions on how an interested person (for instance a creditor, a friend, a family member, etc.) can commence estate proceedings and ask to be appointed as a personal representative or have the court appoint someone else.

  59. I hate to put it this way, but I did some work for an entity which was supposed to be cash so they received a substantial discount. Now they are asking for a w9. I have already filed my taxes for this year an this will be a substantial hit. What happens if I deny there request?

    • If the payer’s request for Form W-9 was lawful and you refuse to provide an executed Form W-9, the payer may still file an incomplete Form 1099 with the IRS. If the payer does that, the IRS will likely contact the payer to complete the form. If the payer are unable to do so and informs the IRS of your refusal, you may be exposed to potential liability to the IRS. You may be penalized for failing to provide the Form W-9 to the payer, subject to backup withholding, or face additional exposure, for instance, if the the IRS were to audit you and discover you did not report your income.

    • If you have information at your disposal to obtain some of the information (for instance a legal name or address), you may consider doing so. For instance, if you have a phone number, you could try and perform an online search to see who it belongs to (legal name). If you have an obligation to file and furnish Form 1099, the contractor’s refusal to provide accurate information should not stop you from filing and furnishing the same. That said, if you file an incorrect or incomplete form with the IRS, you can anticipate the IRS will contact you and ask you to correct the form. In order to avoid penalties for filing incomplete and/or inaccurate information, you should show the IRS your attempts to obtain the correct information from the contractor before you filed the Form 1099, and again thereafter.

  60. I have used an independent contractor and paid him about $100,000 for work. He refuses to fill out a W9 and has told me that he wants me not to list these payments as a deduction because he did not report the payments on his tax form. Naturally I refused. Can I file an IRS Whistleblower suit. Is that worth doing. How can I compel him to provide his TIN.

    • Whatever you do, I suggest documenting your efforts to obtain his/her TIN. You can still file a 1099, but be prepared to respond to the IRS if the IRS comes back to you and informs you the 1099 is missing information. This is where the documentation can come in handy. It might be helpful to send the contractor to my blog so he/she can see some of the penalties that he/she may incur for failing to provide his/her TIN.

      • Do you believe that a contractor who has been paid “$100,000 for work” will care about a $50 penalty for failure to furnish a TIN?

        • A contractor’s liability may not be limited to a $50 penalty. For instance, if a contractor refuses to provide the information, he may be subject to 28% backup withholding. If the IRS looks into a refusal, it may also audit the contractor. Even if the contractor is properly reporting all the income received, an audit isn’t likely to be “free”–there is often time and expense involved therein.

    • I was used as an “employee on trial for 3 months” but after two months I was fired. Now my previous “employer” is trying to bully me into providing my social security number to a company and person I have never heard of, what do I do??

      • If you were an employee, the company for which you worked should have had you fill out a Form W-4 when you started working and should have verified your SSN and employment eligibility. If you provided this information to your former employer, your former employer can use this to fill out and issue you a Form W-2. If you were not an employee, and instead were a contractor, you may need to provide the company a Form W-9 so it can issue you a Form 1099. You do not have an obligation to provide your SSN to a third-party, however, and the company has an obligation to keep your information confidential and only use it for proper purposes (although the company if the company uses a payroll processor or hires someone else to file and furnish Form 1099, it may provide your information for these purposes).

        • What if you do not trust the business with your social security number. In my case the business is one person and they have behaved unlawfully in the past…

          • First, I am not aware of any cases where distrust of the person requesting a social security number excuses a refusal to provide the social security number upon the person’s lawful request for the same. If a payor lawfully requests a payee’s social security number (i.e., the request is for proper purposes), and a payee refuses to provide it, the payee could face penalties under the Internal Revenue Code. Accordingly, by refusing to provide your social security number, you risk exposing yourself to liability under the Internal Revenue Code.

            Second, there are several laws that address misuses or unauthorized disclosure of a person’s social security number. If you look at Form W-9, it says the following: “Misuse of TINs. If the requester discloses or uses TINs in violation of federal law, the requester may be subject to civil and criminal penalties.” 42 U.S.C. § 408(a)(8) prescribes penalties for whoever ”discloses, uses, or compels the disclosure of the social security number of any person in violation of the laws of the United States.” Many state laws (in addition to federal laws) restrict the disclosure of SSNs in various circumstances. In addition, there may be grounds for civil liability to you, for instance if a tort were committed. While laws against disclosure and potential criminal and/or civil liability may not deter the person requesting your SSN from disclosing or misusing the same, the person may think twice before doing so.

  61. Hello there, You have done a great job. I’ll certainly digg it and personally recommend to my friends. I am confident they’ll be benefited from this website.

  62. My landlord refuses to sign a W-9 for a charity that will pay half of our rent. She said she doesn’t do W9’s because they’ll have to pay taxes. :( do I wonder if a stern legal letter would convince her to comply.

    • Seriously, there is no requirement to provide a TIN to anyone. The requirement is on the Payor to obtain it, IF POSSIBLE. The IRS cannot unconstitutionally force you to do its tax collection efforts. Jeeze. Why is there so much dis-information about taxes out there?

      • The requirement that a payer obtain a TIN is separate from the obligation for a payee to provide the information. There is no “IF POSSIBLE” language in the Internal Revenue Code or the Treasury Regulations. Please review section 6109(a)(2) and (3) of the Internal Revenue Code and the accompanying Treasury Regulations. To wit, Treas. Reg. § 301.6109-1(b)(1) specifically states that “[a] U.S. person whose number must be included on a document filed by another person must give the taxpayer identifying number so required to the other person on request.”

  63. Great post however I was wanting to know if you could write a litte more on this topic? I’d be very grateful if you could elaborate a little bit more. Many thanks!

  64. Way cool! Some very valid points! I appreciate you penning this article as well as the remaining portion of the website is very good.

  65. Nice post. I learn something new and challenging on sites I stumbleupon every day.
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